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今天小编就给大家整理了介词with的用法总结初中英语，本文共15篇，希望对大家的工作和学习有所帮助，欢迎阅读!
篇1：初中英语介词用法
初中英语介词用法大全,介词用法归纳汇总
介词的定义
介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。
介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。
介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）.介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。
介词的分类
一、表示时间的介词
（一）表示时间段的介词
（1）in , after
in +时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间
after +时间段，表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间，如：
He’ll come back in two days. 但点钟用after( after three o’clock)
He left on July 2 and returned after three days.
（2）in , during
表示在一段特指的时间内，可用in 或during
The work was done in / during the holidays.
表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in ,in June , in winter
（3）in last, for the past + 时间段, during
表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用现在完成时
I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.
（4）for 表示延续一段时间。
I’ll study in the U.S for two years
I’ve waited for Bingo for half an hour.
（二）表示某一时间的介词
（1）at, on
at 表示某一时刻，on 表示某一天或日期, 如:
at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May2
一天内各段时间表达, 选用正确的介词，请比较：
in the morning
on a winter / snow / cold / morning
at night
on the night of March 7th
in the evening
on Friday evening
（2）before, by
before 表示某一时间之前，而by 表示到某一时间止，句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如:：You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。
By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”.
到上月底这个男孩已得了4个A.
（3）after , since
after 可以表示过去某一点时间之后，并不延续说话时间,和一般过去连用，而since表示从过去某时间开始的一段时间延续到说话时间, 与现在完时连用 如；
My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .
解放后我父亲住在上海.
Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.
自去年年底以来，这位女士开了五十场音乐会
（4）from…to, until / till
from----to表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段时间，而until till 表示某动作或状态延续到某点时间如：
My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.
从1960年到1964年我妈妈在北京大学学习。
My mother entered Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964.
我妈妈1960年进入北京大学，一直学习到1964年。（但“从早到晚”常表达为from morning till night）
（三）不用介词表示时间的词或词组
含this, that, last, next 的表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如：this year last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。
二、表示事物之间位置的介词
（1）at, in
当事物被视作一点，不强调其空间常用介词at, 而表示空间内部用介词in, 如：
We’ll meet at the supermarket 我们在超市见面
I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard
因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里
动词arrive 后接at ,表示较小的地方, 如: 车站、村庄等.后接in 表示较大地方，如: 城市,地区等
（2）in, to
in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置，to 表示事物对区域范围之外另一事物的位置，如：
Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。
in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内，in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范围内。
（3）after, behind
after 指顺序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后，相对于in front of 而言, 如：
He entered the classroom after the teacher
He hid himself behind the door 他在门后。
（4）on , in
on 表示“在某事物表面上”。如将事物看作空间，表示在其内部，用介词in。
There is a modern painting on the wall .
There is a modern painting on the wall .
（5）from , off 都表示“离开”
（6）above , over, below , under
over , under 表示垂直的上下关系，而above, below 仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直关系。
（7）between, among
between 表示“两个事物之间”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之间”。
三、表示运动方向的介词
（1）into, inside , in 从外到内 如：
He went quickly into / inside the room.
He went quickly into / inside the room.
（2）out of 从里到外，相当于outside, 或从里向外,相当于from
She went out of from the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出办公室.
The boy watched the buses, cars and bikes out from the window .
这男孩透过窗观看外面的公交车、小汽车和自行车。
（3）on 在……表面，onto 到……上
A boat is on the river. 一条小船在河上。
He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵树
（4）across 穿过一平面、through 穿过一空间
The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass.
这男孩用力踢球，球飞过草地。
The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。
（5）The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。
She walked to the bank 她步行到银行去
She swam towards the shore 她朝岸边游去。
四、常用介词用法比较
（1）as , like
as 表示“作为”强调身份，like (介词)表示“像”
As a teacher, he cares for these children.
Like a teacher, he cares for these children.
（2）with , in
with 表示“外貌特征或附带的东西” ,“ 用……作工具”
in 表示”衣着” ”用某语言”, 在固定搭配中也可用in
A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.
A man in black wanted to buy drinks.
The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.
He retold the text in English.
（3）for , to
for表示“为了.”
To 表示动作对象, “对, 向.” 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father?
你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?
for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示一“对某对象而言”如：
It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天气，今天够暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me
他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜
for 表示“目的,用途”。与go, come动词连用，
（4）except , besides
except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与bat 同义， besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分”
We all failed except him. 我们都失败了，但他没有。
He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。
（5）注意成对介词的用法：
get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of
（6）介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法：
to one’s surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one’s way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green … put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,….
（7）表示加减乘除，分别用介词plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词divided + by
复习时需要注意的要点
（1） 介词一般放在名词之前，但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
（2） 介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配，也就是说，在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如：
a.动词+介词：laugh at, wait for
b.形容词、过去分词+介词：be good at, be prond of
c. 名词+介词：pay a visit to , the key to
介词的实战演练
例1 We will play football three o’clock．
A． In B． After
C． To D． since
答案： B
提示： 这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间，但含义和用法不同。in常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，after?可表示从过去为起点的一段时间之后，通常与过去时连用。但要注意after?也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本题里after表示将来某一特定时刻。
例2 The story took place a cold night.
A． in B． after
C． to D． since
答案： B
提示： on通常指特定时期：或表示某一天的上午，下午，晚上等。句中的时间状语a cold night已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚，其前面应使用介词on。
例3 We will play football three o’clock．
A． In B． After
C． To D． since
答案： B
提示： 这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间，但含义和用法不同。in常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，after?可表示从过去为起点的一段时间之后，通常与过去时连用。但要注意after?也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本题里after表示将来某一特定时刻。
例4 The story took place a cold night.
A． in B． after
C． to D． since
答案： B
提示： on通常指特定时期：或表示某一天的上午，下午，晚上等。句中的时间状语a cold night已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚，其前面应使用介词on。
例5 This is the bus the People’s Park．
A． at B． for
C． to D． towards
答案： B
提示： 四个选项的介词表达的意义不同。at表示“在某处，在……旁边”，for表示“（动身）去……处”，to表示“到……某处”，towards表示“向……某处”。
例6 —Are your parents workers?
—No， is a worker．
A． neither B． none
C． either D． both
答案： A
提示： neither是对两个人或事物的否定，谓语用单数形式；而both则是对两个人或事物的肯定，谓语用复数形式。
例7 The work cost us more than five weeks.（保持原意）
more than five weeks the work.
答案： We spent, on
提示： cost表示花费时间，只能用表示事物的词作主语，而spend也表示花费时句子主语必须是人。注意spend…on，表示在某事上花费。
例8 Beijing has a lot of old buildings. It also has a lot of new ones.（合并一句）
答案： Beijing has not only a lot of old buildings but also a lot of new ones
提示： 这道题主要掌握表示递进关系的连词词组。
例9 My brother likes skating．I like swimming．（合并一句）
答案： My brother likes skating but I like swimming．
提示： 这道题的两个句子主语不是同一个人，谓语动词之后的部分也不同，实际上是把喜欢的内容由一个方面转到另一个方面，所以用but把两个句子连接起来。
例10 He is too young to join the army．（改复合句）
答案： He is so young that he can’t join the army．
提示： so．．．that表示否定时可与too…to转换。
例11 There is a hole the wall．
A． in B． on
C． of D． with
答案： A
提示： 在墙的里面，用in the wall，而on the wall指在墙的表面上。
例12 English names are different Chinese names．
A． between B． of
C． from D． about
答案： C
提示： be different from表示“与……不同”，是一个固定词组。
例13 We always have a class meeting Monday afternoon．
A． at B． on
C． in D． of
答案： B
提示： 在某天的上午下午或晚上，介词应使用0n。
例14 Please write it ink
A． with B． in
C． by D． of
答案： B
提示： 如果表示用墨水写该用in，不能用with。
例15 I’ll return the book to the library I finish reading it
A． when B． if
C． as soon as D． as
答案： C
提示： 此句意思为我一看完这本书就还给图书馆，as 。
篇2：初中英语介词用法
初中英语介词用法归纳
表示时间的介词
at：用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。
on:用于星期，某天，某一天的上午，下午，晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用on
in:用于表示周，月，季节，年，泛指上午，下午，晚上
before:在...之前
after:在...之后
by:在....前(时间)截止(到)...
until(till)：直到.....为止
for：达...之久(表示过了多少时间)
during：在....期间
through：一直..(从开始到结束)
from：从...起(时间)
since:自从...以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
in：过...后(未来时间)
within：不超过...的范围
表示场所，方向的介词
at :在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)
in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
on:在...上面，有接触面
above：在...上方
over：在...正上方，是under的反义词
under：在..下面，在...之内
below :在...下方(不一定是正下方)
near：近的，不远的
by:在...的旁边，比near的距离要近
between：在两者之间
among：在三者或者更多的之中
around：环绕，在...的周围，在....的四周
in front of:在...的前面
behind：在...后边
in：在..之内，用于表示静止的位置
into：进入
out of :和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向
along：沿着
across：横过(平面物体)
through：贯通，通过
to :达到..地点(目的地)或方向
for：表示目的，为了.....
from：从...地点起
其他介词
with： 和..在一起; 具有，带有; 用某种工具或方法
in： 表示用什么材料(例如：墨水，铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着.声调特点时，不用with而用in。
by:通过...方法，手段
of:(属于)...的，表示...的数量或种类
from：来自(某地，某人)，以...起始
without：没有，是with的反义词
like :像...一样
as :作为
against：反对，靠着
about： 关于，各处，四周; 询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议
初中英语几大从句归纳总结
v 宾语从句
一. 定义：宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子
如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
二. 宾语从句有三种类型：
1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that常可被省略。例如：I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.
Can’t you see (that) I’m a bird?
注意：(1)当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：I don’t think he will come.我认为他不会来。
(2)两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：
He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否(有，能，已经……)”等一般疑问句的含义。
例如：I wonder whether (if) he lives here.
3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁，谁的，什么，哪(个，些)，何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。
例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.
Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.
三.宾语从句的时态呼应：“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”
1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。
2.主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式;当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。
3.情态动词must一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。
四.宾语从句的语序
1 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后)
如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow
2 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词
如：She asked me who had helped him
v 状语从句
英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，根据状语的功能状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。
一.时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语的连接词：when(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到…才) by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。
1. when 当…的时候(一般情况下：主将从现)
I will become a teacher when I grow up
2. while 当…时
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
3. as 在…的同时;一边…一边…
He smiled as he stood up.
4. after 在…之后
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.
5. before 在…之前
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
6. as soon as 一…就…(一般情况下：主将从现)
We began to work as soon as we got there.
I will write to you as soon as I get home.
7. since 自…以来 到现在
表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. (还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)
8 till /until 直到
都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。
They walked till /until it was dark.
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.
9. by the time 到…为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)
By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.
By the time I got to school, the class had already began.
用法辨析：1.when, while和as的区别
When 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
例如： When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.
当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。
While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
As 表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。
例如： We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时，开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：
as
表示“一边。。。一边“的意思
when
1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作”之前 “或”之后“发生。
2、when=and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)
3.常用于常见搭配中
while
1、用于时间较长时
2、强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。
lt was raining hard when (as) I got there.
我到那里时，正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)
When I had read the article, he called me.
我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when )
When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)
He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.
while, as不能代替
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它)
While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)
2. 由till或until引导的时间状语从句。
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
3. 由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，表述为：现在完成时+since+一般过去时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
知识扩展
1. It is …since 从….以来多长时间了
It is five years since we met last time.
2. It is …+before…(。。。才。。。)
It was a long time before I went to sleep again.
It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived.
二.原因状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导
1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然。。。
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然。。。
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.
.用法辨析：because , since , as , for辨析
1)because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn’t go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
三、条件状语从句
连接词：if如果, unless (=if not) 如果不、除非(让步)
1. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
2. I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
3. You will be late unless you leave immediately.
=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.
条件状语从句：主将从现.
He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
四、目的、结果状语从句
目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。
结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子
目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
1. so…that 如此…以至于
He always studied so hard that he made great progress.
2. so that 以至于, 以便于
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)
I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)
3. such…that 如此…以至
It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.
4. in order that=so that 为了
We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.
5.比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so nice a flowersuch a nice flower
so many / few flowerssuch nice flowers
so many peoplesuch a lot of people
( so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。)
难点
so+形容词或副词 so+形+a(an)+单数可数名词
so +many /few+复数可数名词
so +much/ little+不可数名词
so…that与such…that皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school
so +adj/adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果
so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，可数名词前有many, few;不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n.
such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.
五、让步状语从句 让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子
连接词： though, although.，whether…or not
难点：though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和but连用. Although/though…but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以thought (although)…yet(still)的格式是正确的.
Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
although, though 辨析
although不能作并列连词，although不能作副词，放在词尾表示强调时要用even though.
1、Even though I didn’t under a word, I kept smiling. 尽管
【典型例题】
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless
2)ever if, even though. 即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
3) whether…or not 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
no matter 从句
结构：”no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序“ 或”特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序“
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
(错)No matter what you say is not useful now.
(对)Whatever you say is not useful now. 你现在说什么也没用了。
(Whatever you say是主语从句)
(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么
v 定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后
如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定语从句的连接词：
1.连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that
2.连接副词：when、where、why
选用连接词的关键是看先行词(定语从句所修饰的名词或代词)
一、连接代词的选用：
1.who 指人，先行词为人,在从句中做主语
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom 指人，先行词为人,在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
3.which 指物，先行词为物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that 指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语,译成 ”...的“
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
指物时，常用以下结构来代替
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
介词+连接代词引导的定语从句连接代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+连接代词引导
The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在连接代词前，连接代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that;指物时用which，不能用that;连接代词是所有格时用whose
The man with whom you talked is my friend.
The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
3. “介词+连接代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities
二、连接副词的选用：
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
三、判断关系代词和关系副词的方法: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)
例1. Is this the museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose);
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)
四、介词+连接词用法说明
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换
如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late.
五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句举例：
china is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例：
his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)
关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) he married her, as/which was natural.
(2) he was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句;
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
as is known to all, china is a developing country.
he is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
john, as you know, is a famous writer.
he has been to paris more than several times, which i don't believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
i have never heard such a story as he tells.
he is not such a fool as he looks.
this is the same book as i lost last week.
注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同
she wore the same dress that she wore at mary's wedding.
她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
the way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
there are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't )
定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
All that can be done has been done.
There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting?
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
Who is the man that is standing there?
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
初中英语学习方法总结
一、日常学习法
1.制定长远目标，明确每节课的学习任务
根据不同学习阶段及自身能力确立一个“跳一跳才能够得着”的长远目标。有了目标就有了学习动力，有了责任感、紧迫感及努力方向。另外还要学会根据不同课型确定每节课的认知小目标，这样一开始上课，就会受到目标的激励，使大脑处于兴奋状态，才能定向注意，专心致志地去主动学习，提高学习效率。
2.争取课内外各种机会多练习英语
语言不是教会的，而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望，应力争语言训练的各种机会。应不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。
3.课前预习，有备而听
预习是个人独立的阅读和思考。它可以培养学习者快速阅读抓主旨大意、抓主要信息、依据上下文猜测词义的能力，也可以培养分析综合及归纳概括、自己发现问题及解决问题等能力。预习也像“火力侦察”，可发现疑难引起思考，一方面可促使学习者自己查阅有关资料，查阅字典，另一方面可减少听课的盲目性，增强听课效果。
4.专心上课，有心识记
上课是学生学习的主渠道，而学好英语的关键是尽一切努力将所学的东西记住，需要时能运用自如。因此，上课时应高度集中注意力.尽量做到五到，即心到、眼到、耳到、口到、手到。应培养瞬间记忆能力，强化“有意注意”，争取就在课内有目标、有意识地去识记该课的生词、短语、句型、重点句子。当接触到该记忆的内容时，应通过眼看、耳听、口念，将其迅速输入到记忆中枢，然后再复现出它的形象。在复现时快速用手指在桌上划出这个单词，或一个长句中最难记的或最重要的单饲，强迫自己在课内就能记住这节课最重要的东西。这样，使自己真正有着“这节课确实学到不少东西”的踏实感、成功感，进而激发动机，提高兴越，更有信心地去继续今后的学习。
5.勤记笔记，巩固记忆
课内扼要记笔记可以帮助集中注意力，理顺思路，增进记忆，锻炼分析归纳、综合概括以及快速反应能力。俗话说“好记性不如烂笔头”。笔记也为日后复习提供一个复习记忆纲要。要学好英语离不开泛读。进行课外阅读时也应扼要记些笔记，做些索引、摘录等，这对加深理解、巩固、积累知识，培养学习能力大有好处。
6.及时、经常、科学地复习，减少遗忘
复习是学习之母。要解决困扰学习者最大的知识遗忘问题，只有靠科学的复习。“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”揭示遗忘规律是先快后慢，先多后少。因而从时间安排上讲，复习既要及时又要经常。不仅在当天，而且在第二天、一周后、一月后以及就在你需要用它之前或者在考试前都应安排复习。从复习方法上讲.可采用强化复习(过渡/超额复习)、分散复习、集中复习，把新旧知识有机联系起来，按知识内在规律进行综合归类等复习方法，做到温故而知新，而不是简单机械复现，从而更牢固地掌握知识。
篇3：初中英语介词的用法
表示方位的介词：in，to, on
1. in 表示在某地范围之内。
如:
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.
上海在中国的东部。
2. to 表示在某地范围之外。
如:
Japan is/lies to the east of China.
日本位于中国的东面。
3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。
如:
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.
蒙古国位于中国北边。
2表示计量的介词：at, for, by
1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。
如:
It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.
它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price.
我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。
如:
He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百元把车卖了。
注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。
3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。
如:
They paid him by the month.
他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight.
在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
3表示材料的介词：of, from, in
1. of成品仍可看出原料。
如:
This box is made of paper.
这个盒子是纸做的。
2. from成品已看不出原料。
如:
Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。
3. in表示用某种材料或语言。
如:
Please fill in the form in pencil first.
请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English.
他们用英语交谈。
注意:in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。
请比较: draw in pencil 与draw with a pencil.
4表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on
1. by用某种方式,多用于交通。
如：
by bus 乘公共汽车
by e-mail. 通过电子邮件
注意:
表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。
请比较:
I went there by bus/in a bus.
我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
2. with表示“用某种工具”。
如:
He broke the window with a stone.
他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意:
with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
3. on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
如：
They talked on the telephone.
他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.
她通过收音机/电视学英语。
5表示关于的介词：of , about，on
1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。
如:
He spoke of the film the other day.
他前几天提到了这部影片。
He thought about this matter yesterday.
他昨天考虑了这件事。
2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
如:
Can you tell me something about yourself?
你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。
如:
It’s a textbook on the history of china.
它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
6表原因或理由的介词：for, at，from，of, with, by，because of
1. for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。
如:
I am sorry for what I said to you.
我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
2. at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。
如:
He was surprised at the news.
听到这消息他大吃一惊。
3. from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。
如:
He died from the wound.
他因受伤而致死。
4. of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。
如:
The old man died of hunger.
老人死于饥饿。
5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。
如:
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
He was shaking with anger.
他气得浑身发抖。
6. by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
如：
Her body was bent by age.
他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake.
我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。
如:
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
他上个月因病退休了!
8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。
如:
Owing to the rain they could not come.
由于下雨他们没来。
9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。
如:
Thanks to John, we won the game.
多亏约翰,我们才赢了这场比赛。
10. out of表示动机的起因,常译为“出于……”。
如:
He asked the question out of curiosity.
他出于好奇才问了那个问题。
11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。
如:
The war was lost through bad organization.
战争因组织不周而失败了。
篇4：初中英语介词的用法
1. 在…的前面
in front of (范围外的前面)
in the front of (在范围内的前面)
There is a river ________ my house.
我家前面有一条河。
There is a blackboard ___ our classroom .
教室前面有一块黑板。
2.在树上
on the tree 强调树上长出的东西 (苹果，橘子)
in the tree 外来物体(人，鸟，风筝)
There are some birds _____ the tree.
树上有一些鸟。
There are some apples _______ the tree.
树上有一些苹果。
3.时间表达：
in + 某月 / 某季节 / 某年 (时间长)
on + 某天 (中)
at + 具体几点几分 (短)
固定短语： in the morning / afternoon / evening
at night, at noon
练习： __January , __ summer, ___
______ Sunday, ___ March 4th, ___ March
___ _ Sunday morning,_____ the morning
_______ the morning of June 5th
_______ 6:30, ____ night, __ noon
4.在墙上
on the wall
在墙壁表面 (相片photo，图画picture)
in the wall
在墙壁的里面 (门door, 窗户window )
(1)There is a photo of my family
_______ the wall.
(2)There are two doors ______ the wall.
5. 在…之上
on： 在…的表面之上(物体之间有接触)
over: 在…的正上方(物体没有接触)
above 高于......;
在......之上”，多指在相对较高位置
(1)There is a book ______ the desk.
书桌上有一本书。
(2)There is a bridge ______ the river.
河上有一座桥。
(3)The plane flies ______the clouds(云).
飞机在云层上飞行。
6.地点表达法
(1)in 后接较大的地方
如： in Beijing, in China.
(2)at 后接较小的地方
如： at the railway station, at the bus stop
(3)on 常用于一些习惯用语
on a farm 在农场 on the earth 在地球上
on earth 究竟
at home, at school, at the back of ,
at the back of the classroom
At the end of the street,
at the second crossing
过关练习
1.There is a bank ____ the school and
there is a big desk _____the classroom.
A. in front of , in the front of
B. in the front of, in front of
2. There are some pictures _____ the wall and ______ two windows _____ the wall.
A. in, on B. on, in
3. I can see some birds ______ the tree. Look ,there are some apples ____ the apple tree.
A. on, in B. in , on
4. ---When were you born?
--- I was born _____ April.
A. in B. on C. At
5. Tom was born ______ April 5th.
A. in B. on C. At
6. I usually get up _____10 :00 ____ Sunday.
A. at, in B. at, on C. in, on
7. I arrived (到达) ___ Beijing
yesterday(昨天).
A. on B. in C. at
8.she arrived ____the railway station
just now(刚才).
A. on B. in C. at
9.There is a computer ____ the desk.
A. above B. on C. over
10.There is a bridge _____ the river(河).
A. above B. on C. over
本节回顾
1. 在…的前面
in front of (范围外的前面)
in the front of (在范围内的前面)
2.在树上
on the tree 强调树上长出的东西 (苹果，橘子)
in the tree 外来物体(人，鸟，风筝)
3.时间表达：
in + 某月 / 某季节 / 某年 (时间长)
on + 某天 (中)
at + 具体几点几分 (短)
4.在墙上
on the wall
在墙壁表面 (相片photo，图画picture)
in the wall
在墙壁的里面 (门door, 窗户window )
5. 在…之上
on： 在…的表面之上(物体之间有接触)
over: 在…的正上方(物体没有接触)
above 高于......;在......之上”，
多指在相对较高位置
6.地点表达法
(1)In 后接较大的地方
如： in Beijing, in China.
(2)at 后接较小的地方
如： at the railway station, at the bus stop
(3)on 常用于一些习惯用语
最常见的介词错误用法
1) arrive at 还是 arrive in
*When we arrived to Claudio’s house…
at通常用在具体的地点前：school学校、restaurant餐厅、airport机场、aunt’s house阿姨的家;而in通常用在城市或国家前面。
✓ When we arrived at Claudio’s house…
我们到达克劳迪奥的家……
✓ The train arrived at Shibuya station thirty seconds late.
火车延迟30秒到达涩谷车站。
✓ On Friday, the president arrived in Poland.
总统于周五到达波兰。
✓ The K-pop band arrived in Phnom Penh last week.
韩国流行乐队上周到达金边。
2) at night
*We often go out in the night.
in可以用在in the morning, in the afternoon, 和in the evening里，但是night前面需要用at。
✓ We often go out at night.
我们经常在夜晚出门。
✓ Krakow is beautiful at night.
夜晚的克拉科夫很美。
3) look for 还是 wait for
*I was looking my glasses.
*Giulia was waiting me at the bus stop.
如果你想表达寻找，那么用look for或者search for;如果你想表达等待，那么用wait for。
✓ I was looking for my glasses.
我在寻找我的眼镜。
✓ Tomis looking for a new job.
汤姆正在寻找一份新工作。
✓Giulia was waiting for me at the bus stop.
茱莉亚正在车站等着我。
✓Lucy is waiting for her sister to finish class.
露西正在等她的妹妹放学。
4) for [period of time]
*I’ve been working here since five years
for用在一段时间前面，比如：a few minutes/three months/twenty years。
since和具体的时间点连用，比如：this morning/September/the day we met。
✓I’ve been working here for five years.
我已经在这里工作五年了。
✓She hasn’t drunk coffee for years.
她好多年不喝咖啡了。
✓She’s been living in Yokohama since February.
她从二月起一直住在横滨。
✓I haven’t seen her since yesterday morning.
昨天早上之后，我就没再见到她。
5) in [months and years]
*It’s my birthday on July!
in总是和年份或月份连用。
✓It’s my birthday in July!
我的生日在7月。
✓Ola was born in .
欧拉出生在。
6) live/work/study in [cities and countries]
*I live at Tokyo.
在某个城市或国家居住、工作或学习用in，但住在某个具体的地址则用at，比如在一个特定的机构工作，或者是在某所大学学习。
✓I live in Tokyo.
我住在东京。
✓Roberta works in Sassari.
罗伯塔在萨萨里工作。
✓Hector studies in Canada.
赫克托尔在加拿大学习。
✓Ania lives at No.34, Green Street.
艾尼雅住在格林大街34号。
✓Ryosuke works for Toyota.
凉介在丰田工作。
✓Dara studies at Phnom Penh International University.
达拉在金边国际大学读书。
7) on [days and dates]
*It’s my birthday in Saturday!
on和具体的星期几或日期连用：
✓It’s my birthday on Saturday!
我的生日在周六!
✓It’s my birthday on May 1st. (But remember: It’s my birthday in May.)我的生日在五月一号。(但是要记住：我的生日在五月用 in。)
8) it depends on
*It depends of what you want: Italian food or Chinese food.
depend后面如果要加某人或某物，一定要和on连用，不然只能说it depends。
✓It depends on what you want: Italian food or Chinese food.
这取决于你想吃什么：意大利菜还是中国菜。
✓We’ll go to either Disney World or the beach, depending on the weather.
我们要去迪士尼乐园或海滩，这要看天气。
✓What do you usually have for breakfast – tea or coffee? – It depends!
你早餐通常喝什么——茶还是咖啡?—看情况。
9) welcome to
*Welcome in Peru!
欢迎到某地用welcome to+地点，比如：a house/school/organization/city/country。
✓Welcome to Peru!
欢迎来秘鲁!
✓Welcome to Cagliari.
欢迎来卡利亚里。
✓Welcome to Meiji University.
欢迎来明治大学。
✓Welcome to the Plaza Hotel. We hope you enjoy your stay.
欢迎来广场饭店，我们希望你在此过得愉快。
10) married to
*He’s married with Kim.
与某人结婚要用married to或者get married to，也可以说marry sb.。
✓He’s married to Kim.
他和金结婚了。
✓John’s getting married to Sara next summer.
约翰明年夏天要和萨拉结婚。
✓Kate is marrying my old school friend.
凯特要和我的一个老校友结婚了。
篇5：by介词用法总结
一、by+地点名词。表方位，意为：“在…旁边”。
例句：
Our teacher was sitting by the window.
我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。
二、by+时间名词。意为：“到…时(已发生某事)，此时谓语多用完成时;最晚、不迟于…，在…之前”。
例句：
I shall be back by 5 o’clock.
我最迟五点回来。
三、by+v.-ing结构。意为“通过……，以……的`方式”。
例句：
Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.
身体是靠锻炼强壮的，同样，大脑是靠学习开发的。
四、by+人称代词宾格，意为“经过”。
例句：
He walked by me without saying a word.
他走过我的身旁，没有说话。
五、by+人，意为“被;由”。
例句：
The movie is loved by people all over Asia.
那个电影被全亚洲人喜爱。
六、by+地点或工具等具体名词。表路线、途径，意为：“通过(某物、某地)，取道…”。
例句：
The man entered the room by the back door.
那人通过后门进入了房间。
七、by的常用短语
Study by heart 用心学
little by little 渐渐地
one by one 逐一
by chance 碰巧，偶然
by the river 在河边
by mistake 错误地
by nature 天生的
by oneself 亲自
篇6：初中英语介词知识点总结
一、表示时间的介词
时间介词有in , on，at， after， since，during,by,before,after,until等，前三个介词用法有个口诀： at午夜、点与分，上午、下午、晚用in。
年、月、年月、季节、周，之前加上介词in。
将来时态多久后，这些情形亦用in。
日子、日期、年月日，星期之前要用on。
其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下：
1、时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go to school in two weeks.
介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如：My mother came home after half an hour.
介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for 表示一段时间如：I have been living here for 10 years.
介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如：I have been living here since .
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示“在…之前”如：He won’t come back before five .
介词by表示“到…时为止，不迟于…”如：The work must be finished by Friday.
4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如：He swims every day during the summer.
如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如：I haven’t seen her for years.
5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到…为止”，如：I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
如：Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
till多用于普通文体，而 until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till如：Until he comes back，nothing can be done.
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。
二、表示方位的介词
常用的表示方位的介词用法及辨析如下：
1、方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
介词on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table.
介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”，如：Is there any bridge over the river?
介词above表示一般的“高于…”，“在…之上”，如：There was an electric clock above his bed.
2、方位介词under与below的用法辨析
介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”，如：They were seen under the tree.
介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”，“在…之下”，如：They live below us.
3、方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。
如：She went across the street to make some purchases.
介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。
如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.
介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
介词past表示从“面前经过”，如：Someone has just gone past the window.
4、地点介词at与in的用法辨析
介词at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village.
介词in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing.
5、表示东南西北的时候，地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
介词in表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China.
介词on表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
介词to表示“没接触”如：France lies to the south of England.
三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介词by,in,on,with.
1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by 时，交通工具前不用任何词;用 in和on 时，交通工具前用冠词或形容词性物主代词。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.
2、表示手段或工具，with后跟具体工具，如I write with a pen;in表示使用某种语言或墨水、颜色等原料，例如：in English.
四、介词的固定搭配
across from在对面
look for 寻找
look after 照顾
get on with 与某人相处
agree with 同意(某人)
arrive at(in) 到达
ask for 询问
begin…with 从……开始
believe in 相信
break off 打断
break out 爆发
bring down 降低
bring in 引进
bring up 教育，培养
build up 建起
burn down 烧光
call back 回电话
call for 要求约请
call on 拜访 访问
care for 喜欢
carry on 继续开展
carry out 实行开展
check out 查明 结帐
come about 发生，产生
come out 出来
come to 共计 达到
compare…with 与……比较
compare to 比作
cut off 切断
date from 始于
depend on 依靠
devote to 献于
die out 灭亡
divide up 分配
dream of 梦想
fall off 下降
fall over 跌倒
feed on 以……为食
get down to 专心于
get through 通过
初中英语介词常考误区提醒
1、掌握介词固定搭配
2、准确把握介词及介词短语的基本意义和用法。
典型例题1：Peter usually gets up early the morning.
A in B on C at D of
解析;这是北京市的一道中考题，本题考查时间介词的用法。“在早上”应为in the morning.
答案：A
典型例题2：-How do you usually go to school?
- my bike.
A By B In C On
解析; 虽然介词by表示“乘坐”，但是它所接的名词前没有限定词，即by bike.而本题中bike 前有限定词my，这时应用on.
答案：C
篇7：初中英语介词知识点总结
一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
2. 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3)句型:
It is time for sb. to do sth ”到……时间了“ ”该……了“
It is time sb. did sth. ”时间已迟了“ ”早该……了“
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2)情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
3. used to / be used to
used to + do:”过去常常“表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯，或”习惯于“，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It’s 69568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
4. 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5. be going to / will
用于条件句时， be going to 表将来
will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
6. be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
7. 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
2)倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3)在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
11. 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
篇8：介词的用法总结
介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语，定语或介词宾语。同时介词的'用法也很灵活，同一个介词可以表达多种意义，介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。
介词一般用于名词或者代词前面，表示该词与句中其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语（如果是人称代词，则要用宾格）。介词和介词宾语合在一起构成介词短语。
篇9：介词of的用法总结
1、与 age, shape, size, colour, height, design, weight 等名词连用，可用作表语或定语;其中的介词 of 有时可省略。如：
The two boys are (of) the same height. 这两个男孩一样高。
Here is a piece of wood (of) the right size. 这有一块木头，其大小刚好适合。
When I was (of) your age, I lived in the country. 我像你这个年纪的时候，我住在乡下。
2、与某些名词(如help, value, interest, importance等)连用，相当于形容词，可用作定语或表语。如：
It’s not of much value. 这没有多大价值。
This subject is of great interest to me. 这门学科对我来说是很有趣的。
The dictionary is of much help to the students. 这本字典对学生帮助很大。
3、与 hear, talk, know, speak 等动词连用，表示一种间接性，大意为“涉及到”。如：
I’ve never heard of anyone doing a thing like that. 我从未听说有人做过那种事。
Mary is talking of looking for another job. 玛丽说起要另找一份工作。
I don’t know the writer, but I know of him. 我不认识这个作家，但我听说过他。
People spoke of their fear as the flood waters rose. 人们说起看到洪水上涨时的'恐惧。
4、与表示动作的名词或动名词连用，表示动宾关系。如：
The writing of the letter took me three hours. 写这封信花了我3个小时。
Loss of health is worse than loss of wealth. 失去财富比失去健康更糟。
5、表示比较范围，意为“在……当中”。如:
Of all the choices, this is the best. 在所有选择中，这种最好。
Of the two coats, the black one is the better. 在这两件外套中，这件黑色的更好些。
6、与 careless, clever, cruel, foolish, friendly, generous, good, impolite, kind, nice, polite, right, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, wise, wrong等表示人的品行和特点的形容词连用，用于 It’s+adj.+of sb (to do sth) 句型。如：
It was kind of him to wait. 多蒙他好心等候。
It was silly of you to believe him. 你相信他是愚蠢的。
It was foolish of me to forget. 我真蠢，竟然忘记了。
It’s unfair of him to criticize me. 他批评我是不公平的。
It was generous of him to pay us. 他付了我们钱，真慷慨。
It was selfish of him not to contribute anything. 他很自私什么也不捐。
It was careless of you to leave your camera in the taxi. 你把照相机留在计程车里实在太不小心了。
篇10：介词for的用法总结
I am sorry for it.
对不起。
Thank you for coming to see me.
谢谢你来看我。
You can’t see the wood for the trees.
你只见树木，不见森林。
That’s for you.
这是给你的。
Here is a letter for you.
这是你的信。
Have you room for me there?
你那边能给我腾出点地方吗？
篇11：介词behind用法总结
behind用于表示空间位置可以有三种情况：①所在位置；②目的.地；③通过，即移动到某处，然后又离开。
behind作“留于身后”“走后留下”解时常与leave,stay,remain等动词连用；作“当某人已通过…之后”解时常与bolt,cling,close,shut,slam等动词连用。
behind用作副词
1、behind表示位置时可作“在后面；向后面”“留在原处”“遗留在后”解；表示时间时可作“晚了；迟于”“过期；拖欠”解。behind还可引申表示进度等“落后”。
2、behind在句中可用作状语、表语，也可用作介词from的宾语，意为“从后面”。
篇12：by的用法总结介词
1、by在表示时间时,常与动词的一般时、将来时、完成时或将来完成时连用。作“在…时候”解时,常用于by day〔night〕短语中。
2、by表示方式(除作“抓住…”解时)或原因后接名词时,名词前通常不加冠词。
3、by表示方式作“凭着”解时,其后常接反身代词; 作“乘”解时,后接交通工具,其前不加冠词。
4、by表示比率作“以…为单位”解时,常与表示单位的名词或数词连用,名词前常用定冠词; 作“…比…”解时,用于两个数字之间表示面积。
5、by表示累加时,前后一般用同一个名词、数词或副词,名词前不用定冠词,且不用于复数形式。
6、by用于被动结构时，既可以引出施动者，也可用来表示做某事的`手段。
7、用作副词，表示经过，靠近，在旁边。
She hurried by without speaking to her teacher.
她匆匆经过,没有跟她的老师说话。
Come by for a drink after work.
下班后路过我家时进来喝一杯。
篇13：介词to的用法总结
一：表示相对，针对 be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive,immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to Air is indispensable to life. Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation. This injection will make you immune to infection. 二：表示对比，比较 1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior The quarrel happened prior to my arrival. 2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous A is similar to B in many ways. 3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown. 4: to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,incontrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如: World is usually compared to a stage Compared with his past,he has changed a lot. Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介 词to就要改成rather than ,如: The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender. Many people prefer spending money to earning money. They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives. 5: to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner. 三: 表示修饰关系 1: 表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question, solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter 2: 表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path the approach to a bridge引桥 the approach to science Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service. The access to education 接受教育的机会 The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利 3: 表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition,heir to throne,deputy to the National People’s Congress advisor to the Prime Minister 4: 表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom. Everyone has an equal right to …….. 5: 表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development t,the barrier to progress 6: 表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage. 7: 表示恭喜或是祝贺,如: The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests. Let's drink to Dick’s success in business 8: 另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key todoor,invitation to party, guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school 四: to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义, 如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste (一)：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to Investigate all the facts related to the problem. People often linked walth to happiness. (二)：表示反对和赞同。 1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,beadverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to These buildings are resistant to earthquake. They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans. 2: to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to, The employer consented to give him a salary raise. 表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to, adjust to,conform to,habituateto,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living. Your action should conform to the interests of the people. They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers. His words doesn’t fit to his actions. Suit your writing style to the masses. 3: 表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrenderto,give in to,confess to,admit to. The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数 Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake. He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet. We’re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat. 五: 表示趋势或倾向, 如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to He’s liable to seasickness. You are liable to come to wrong conclusion. 六: 表示对事情的坚持与执着, 如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to He still holds on to his original views. 七: 表示约束,局限, 如:limit to,confine to,resrict to He’s confined to the house by illness. He confined his remarks to scientific mangement. 八: 表示一种习惯或是一种适应性, 如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to Finally,the students got used to my teaching method. 九: 表示起因和原由, 如wing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog. The famous artist attributed his success to his wife. 十: 表示目的或结果, 如:aim to,lead to,give rise to I aim to be an excellent college teacher. His conceit lead to his failure. These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises 十一: 表示命运,注定, 如:be doomed to,be destined to, All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail. 十二: 表示数量上的积累或增加, 如:in addition to,add to,amount to In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money. The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons. 十三: 表示全身心投入的含义, 如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to He is determined to devote all his life to his. 十四: 表示展望或是回顾, 如:look forward to反date back to The church dates back to the 13th century. 十五: 表示方位概念. 如:close to,next to I don’t like wool next to my skin. 十六: 表示依靠或借助, 如:resort to,turn to,appeal to, He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute. 十七: 表示有关注,关于: as to,with regard to 十八: 表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to, We should attach primary importance to job training. 十九: 表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to According to today’s newspaper,the match will be postponed. The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to heir economic importance. 二十: 表示应该或必须含义的句式, 如: It’s time to get up. We are supposed to get here at seven. It’s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons.
英语语法顺口溜：省to不定式作宾补口诀及用法
省to不定式作宾补顺口溜
省to宾补有十一，五看二听三使役;
一个帮助两均可，还有一个是感觉。
如若主动变被动，小to一定要带齐。
即：在have, let, make使役动词;notice, observe, see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel, help等感观动词 + sb. do sth.
动词不定式的省略
1、在 be + 形容词 (如：glad, happy, pleased, anxious, willing, ready等词后保留 to.
1)-- Will you join us in a talk?
-- Yes, I’ll be glad to.
不定保留 to, 常见形容词;
愿意三高兴， 一个备着急。
2、在 love, like, mean, hope, advise, expect, want, persuade, refuse, wish, seem等动词后保留 to.
1)-- Would you like some bananas?
-- Yes, I’d love to.
动后保留to, 有爱莫拒绝;
愿喜似期希，想劝提建议。
3、在 have, need, ought, be able, be going, used等动词后保留 to.
1)I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.
2) We get on pretty well. Better than we used to.
情态常带 to,过去不得不;
需要是另类，应将能力住。
4、在 ask / tell / advise / persuade / wish / permit / allow + sb + to do sth结构中保留 to.
1)Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.
动后带 to作宾补,请叫建议和告诉;
但愿也留两允许, 勿忘一个要劝服。
篇14：介词in的用法总结
介词 in 的用法总结
1. 表示时间，表示“在……后”，注意它与after的区别：虽然两者均可与一段时间连用，表示多久之后，但in 以现在时间为起点，表示从现在起多久以后，通常用于将来时态或含有将来意味的句子;而 after 则以过去或将来时间为起点，表示从那以后。
如：
I’ll come back in five minutes.
我5分钟后就回来。(以现在时间为起点)
He came back after five minutes.
5分钟后他就回来了。(以过去时间为起点)
但是，若after后接的不是一“段”时间，而是一“点”时间，则完全可以现在时间为起点。
如：
I’ll come back after five o’clock.
我5点钟以后回来。
不过，在现代英语中，以上规则有时被打破。
如：
I may come after a day or two.
我可能过一两天会来。
Wang Bing is leaving the USA after two days.
两天后王兵要离开美国。
2. 类似in three days 这样的短语，有时含义不易确定，因为它既可表示“3天内”，也可表示“3天后”，大致可以这样区分：若与延续性动词连用，则表示“3天内”，若与非延续性动词连用，则表示“3天后”。
如：
He learnt English in three weeks.
他在3周内学会了英语。
The train will arrive in a few minutes.
火车过几分钟就到。
但语言的实际并不完全是这样，有时需视具体的上下文或语境来确定。
如：
We should be able to complete the work in five days.
我们应该能在5天内完成这工作。
为了明确语义，有时人们就分别用 within 和 after 来表示“在……内”和“在……后”：
I’ll see you again within three days.
3天内我再来看你。
I’ll see you again after three days.
3天后我再来看你。
3. 表地点、位置、范围、空间等，注意不要混淆in与on的用法。
如：
瞧，墙上有个洞。
误：Look, there’s a hole on the wall.
正：Look, there’s a hole in the wall.
比较：a picture on the wall 墙上的画。
我在报纸上看到这条消息。
误：I read about it on the newspaper.
正：I read about it in the newspaper.
比较：a photo on the newspaper(放在报纸上的照片)，
a photo in the newspaper(登在报纸上的照片)。
有时用介词 in 或 on 均可：在英国英语多用 in，在美国英语中多用 on。
如：
in the street / on the street 在街上
in the road / on the road 在路上
in our team / on our team 在我们队
4. 表动作的方向，意为“向……之中”“向……里”，与into大致同义。
如：
He ran in [into] the room. 他跑进房间。
She fell in [into] the water. 她掉进水里。
严格说来，用 in 或 into 是有区别的。比较：
He put the money in his pocket.
他把钱放在口袋里。
He put the money into his pocket.
他把钱放进口袋里。
第一句用in，表示的是整个动作过程的终结，暗示“口袋里装着钱”这个静止状态;第二句用into，表示的是整个动作的全过程，其“动作感”和“过程感”较强。
5. 表比率，意为“……之中”“每……”。
如：
The losses were nine in ten. 损失了十之八九。
One family in ten owns a dishwasher. 每10个家庭就有一家拥有洗碗机。
Not one in ten of the boys could spell well. 这些男孩中拼写正确的不到十分之一。
one in ten, one in every five 等之类的结构用作主语时，从理论上说，谓语应用单数(因为真正的主语是 one)，但实际上也有用复数的。
如：
Nationwide, one in five adults are illiterate. 就全国范围而言，5个成年人中有1个是文盲。
6. 表示方式、手段、材料等，意为“用”
比较以下两句：
You must write in pencil. 你必须用铅笔写。(in表材料)
You must write with a pencil. 你必须要用铅笔写。(with表工具)
7. 表示穿戴，不仅可用于穿衣，还可以表示戴眼睛、戴帽子、留辫子等。
如：
a girl in pigtails 梳辫子的姑娘
a man in glasses 戴眼镜的男人
be in irons 戴着镣铐
be in mourning 戴着孝
in high-heeled shoes 穿高跟鞋
后接颜色名词表示相应的衣服时，通常不带冠词。
如：
a girl in red 穿红衣的女孩
a man in black 穿黑衣的男人
比较下面两句 in 后是否用冠词，用法稍有不同：
She was in a silk shirt. 她当时穿一件丝绸衬衫。
She was in light blue silk. 她当时穿着浅蓝的丝衣。
第一句用冠词，侧重指具体的衣服;第二句不用冠词，侧重指做衣服的材料。
8. 后接动名词，表示“在……时”“在……过程中”。
如：
In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。
You should be careful in operating this machine. 操作这部机器时要小心。
这样用的介词 in 除用于句首外，有时可省略。
如：
Be careful (in) crossing the street. 过街道要小心。
He had a hard time (in) getting here. 他来这儿一路很辛苦。
There was no difficulty (in) finding her house. 找到她的家没费一点事。
In用法的全面总结，有多少是你不知道的?
1、介词 prep. 在…里;在…中
There is no cloud in the sky.
晴空万里无云。
Glasgow is in Scotland.
格拉斯哥在苏格兰。
2、介词 prep. 进;入
Ray put his hand in the water.
雷把手放进水中。
3、介词 prep. 在;于(时间)
Margaret started school in 1973.
玛格丽特一九七三年开始上学。
No,it was in 1970,not 1969.
不对，是在1970年，不是1969年。
4、介词 prep. 在…(时间)以内
I'll be ready in an hour.
我一小时以内准备好。
5、介词 prep. 在…(情况)中
My mother is in good health
我的母亲身体很好。
Emma was in tears.
埃玛哭了。
6、介词 prep. 穿;戴
The policeman is in uniform.
警察穿着制服。
She dresses him in his new clothes.
她给他穿新衣服。
7、介词 prep. 在…(环境)下
We walked in the rain.
我们冒雨行走。
They slept in the shade.
他们睡在树荫下。
8、介词 prep. 以…(方式)，用…(语言)
He spoke in Italian.
他讲话用意大利语。
They talked in English.
他们用英语交谈。
Please write in pencil,not in ink.
请用铅笔写，不要用钢笔写。
The letter was written in French.
信是用法文写的。
9、介词 prep. 从事(职业);参加(活动)
He's in the army.
他在军队里
10、副词 adv. 向内;进入
He just looked in for a moment.
他只是(在门外)往里头看了看。
Come in.
进来。
Step in, please.
请进来。
11、副词 adv. 在内;在家;在办公室
Is your brother in or has he gone to the match?
你弟弟是在家还是看球赛去了?
”Is Mr. Smith in?“ ”No,he's gone out for lunch!“
“史密斯先生在家吗?”“不在，他出去吃午饭去了。”
12、副词 adv. 时髦;流行
This year, short skirts are in.
今年时兴短裙。
13、副词 adv. (车，船)到达
The train is in.
列车到站了。
为您提供的小学英语必备语法：In的用法，希望给您带来帮助!
语法专题| 介词at, on, in用法详解，别再混淆啦!
选用介词at的场合
介词at主要可用于以下几种场合，家长需提醒孩子特别注意的是at在固定短语或习惯搭配中的使用。
用于钟点前
·at ten o’clock
·at a quarter to six
用于时刻前
·at noon/night/midnight (半夜)
·at sunrise (日出时)
·at dusk (黄昏)
·at dawn/daybreak (黎明)
eg: We will leave at day break. 我们将在黎明时动身。
用于表示进餐时间。如：
·at breakfast/lunch/supper (在早餐时/午餐时/晚餐时)
用于表示年龄时。如：
·at 14 (=at the age of 14在14岁)
eg: He left home at the age of 16. 他十六岁离开了家。
用于一些固定短语或习惯搭配中。如：
·at Christmas 在圣诞节
·at New Year
·at Thanksgiving (感恩节)
·at the moment/ at that time
·at this time of day
·at a bad time of year
·at first (起初)
·at last (终于)
选用介词on的场合
用于星期、日期(包括该天的各部分)前
·on Sundays/weekdays
·on Monday morning / afternoon / evening
【温馨提示】“在周末”既可以说at weekends，也可以说on weekends。
eg: I often go fishing on/ at weekends. 我经常在周末去钓鱼。
用于morning/afternoon/evening/night/day前
此时这类名词前多有修饰语或带有of等引起的后置修饰语，指具体的或不具体的某一日
·on Sundays/weekdays
·on Monday morning/afternoon/evening
eg: I'm flying home on Sunday afternoon.
我星期天下午乘飞机回家。
用于公共节假日前
·on Teachers’ Day
·on Christmas Day/Eve
需要特别注意的是：at，on都可用来表示“节假日”，但at侧重指“休假的时节”，而不是指具体的哪一天;on侧重指具体的时日，与它连用的短语中多含“Day”
·at New Year (在新年期间)
·at Christmas (在圣诞节期间)
·on New Year’s Day (在元旦那天)
·on Christmas Day (在圣诞节)
选用介词in的场合
用于泛指一天的上午、下午、傍晚如：in the morning/afternoon/evening/night用于某个较长的时间，像世纪、朝代、年、月、季节
·in May
·in spring
·in
·in the twenty-first century (在二十一世纪)
·in one's fifties (在某人50多岁时)
用于表示“从现在起，多久以后或多长时间内”的短语之前
She’ll see me again in a week’s time. 一周后她再来看我。
I can draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.我可以在五分钟内画好一匹好看的马。
There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。
省略介词的情况
有些情况，既不用in，也不用on和at，时间前面可不带介词。家长可以让孩子认清标志，注意哪些情况下要省略介词，避免画蛇添足。
next，last，this，that与时间名词连用作状语
We’re going to work on a farm next Sunday. 下个星期天，我们要去农场劳动。
today, tomorrow, yesterday, the day before yesterday,等之前
Are you free tomorrow night? 明晚你有空吗?
介词 in 的用法总结
篇15：介词”to"的用法总结
一：表示相对，针对
be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to
Air is indispensable to life.
Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.
This injection will make you immune to infection
二：表示对比，比较
1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior
The quarrel happened prior to my arrival.
2:一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous
A is similar to B in many ways.
3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory
Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.
4:to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如:
World is usually compared to a stage
Compared with his past,he has changed a lot.
Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介词to就要改成rather than ,如:
The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.
Many people prefer spending money to earning money.
They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.
5:to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative
Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.
三:表示修饰关系
1:表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question,
solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter
2:表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path
the approach to a bridge引桥
the approach to science
Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.
The access to education 接受教育的机会
The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利
4:表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the National People’s Congress
advisor to the Prime Minister
5:表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission
The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.
Everyone has an equal right to ……..
6:表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress
7:表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage.
8:表示恭喜或是祝贺,如:
The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.
Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business
9:另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation to party,
guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school
四:to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste
五:表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to
He’s liable to seasickness.
You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.
六:表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to
He still holds on to his original views.
七:表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to
He’s confined to the house by illness.
He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.
八:表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to
Finally,the students got used to my teaching method.
十:表示起因和原由,如 wing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to
The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog.
The famous artist attributed his success to his wife.
十一:表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to
I aim to be an excellent college teacher.
His conceit lead to his failure.
These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises
十二:表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to,
All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.
十三:表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to
In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money.
The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons.
十四:表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to
He is determined to devote all his life to his.
十五:表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to
The church dates back to the 13th century.
十六:表示方位概念.如:close to,next to
I don’t like wool next to my skin.
十七:表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to,
He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute.
十八:表示有关注,关于:as to,with regard to
十九:表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to,
We should attach primary importance to job training.
二十:表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to
According to today’s newspaper,the match will be postponed.
The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to their economic importance.
二十一:表示应该或必须含义的句式,如:
It’s time to get up.
We are supposed to get here at seven.
It’s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons.
二十二：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to
Investigate all the facts related to the problem.
People often linked walth to happiness.
二十三：表示反对和赞同。
1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to
These buildings are resistant to earthquake.
They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.
2:to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to,
The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to,adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to
She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.
Your action should conform to the interests of the people.
They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers.
His words doesn’t fit to his actions.
Suit your writing style to the masses.
3:表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to.
The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数
Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake.
He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet.
We’re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat.
常用词组
respond to（反应）,appeal to（吸引）,catch on to（理解）,listen to（收听）,used to（过去常常）,give birth to,attend to（照料）,see to（负责）,be entitled to（有权）,belong to（属于）,come to（苏醒）,stand up to（勇敢面对）,help oneself to（请自便）,refer to,to the point（切题）,
Train them to stand up to any severe test in hard.
The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel.
See to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim.
You will catch on to the job shortly after wards.
People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news
